Apple Strategic report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Apple Strategic report - Essay Example When one examines the financial figures from the time Jobs returned, the results are truly staggering. Essentially, he brought an organization from the brink of bankruptcy to one annually generating $25 billion dollars in net income and a stock valuation exceeding $500 per share ("Apple," 2011). While Tim Cooke assumed the CEO position after Jobs death the organization has retained its prominence. Currently Apple competes in a variety of market sectors: mp3 players, smart phones, personal computers, tablets, and they are rumored to be entering into the television market (Elmer, 2011). I. Internal Strategic Audit PESTEL Analysis Apple, Inc. competitive position involves a complex array of elements. Within this context of investigation a PESTL analysis has been established as a means of examining Apple’s market position. Political Analysis: To a large degree the organization has avoided significant political restrictions. While the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) readi ly intervenes in large business mergers, the extensive amount of competition at Apple’s level of operations is such that government intervention is not necessary. Political considerations only indirectly affect Apple through DOJ intervention in large-scale telecommunications suppliers competing for spectrum (Velazco, 2011). For instance, the government recently blocked a merger between AT&T and T-Mobile; the impact on Apple is in terms of maintaining overarching low cost services when usage patterns are considered (Velazco, 2011). One also considers the potential of foreign political risks. Currently over 50% of Apple’s sales are international and one considers the potential of such profits being affected by future political shifts related to patent or licensing concerns ("Apple's international sales," 2011). Economic Analysis: There are a number of economic considerations. One notes the macroeconomic recession shifts in both the United States and Europe hold the poten tial for a negative impact on Apple’s continued success. In these regards, one considers that Apple’s success has largely come from sales of quality electronics that necessitate a corresponding high price tag. Recessionary headwinds could potentially create a public shift towards lower cost product design. Social Analysis: In terms of social elements one considers that one of Apple’s greatest assets has been its innovative brand and marketing approach. While quality and innovation has greatly driven net profits a close contributing factor has been Apple’s branding as a chic alternative to dominant culture. While such an approach was viable when Microsoft and IBM remained dominant in the market, Apple has since become the mainstream to which they once positioned themselves. With the death of Steve Jobs one questions if they will be able to continue to maintain this cutting-edge brand. Technological Analysis: Apple’s current position in smart phones as a leading provider is most attributable to cutting edge technological design. The iPhone 4 was accompanied by the iPhone 4S in October 2011 continuing Apple’s commitment to innovation (Brown, 2011). In addition, Apple has recently implemented Siri, a voice activated recognition service. Latest reports have indicated that service providers have experienced tremendous challenges meeting data demands (Browning, 2011). Environmental Analysis: To a large extent Apple has been successful in becoming embroiled in environmental controversy. Still, recent

Fantastic Voyage Battle of the Lung Essay Example for Free

Fantastic Voyage Battle of the Lung Essay Good morning everyone! Signing on, India Hornsby with ASAP Health. I will be reporting live inside Mrs. Frizzle. She has been under the weather for about two days now. A bacterium is invading the lower lobe of her right lung. It’s my job to pilot the invasion and do a live report on what I see. I will enter from the right femoral vein and follow a path to the lower lobe of the right lung via the right pulmonary artery. I will be describing the structures that I pass by and through. Once I have reached the lung, I will describe the structures that I see and discuss how the body fights against the invader. After that I will exit the body cross the alveolar membrane on a path and out the nose. I will enter Mrs. Frizzle body through the femoral vein. The femoral vein is located in the upper thigh and pelvic region of the body and runs close to the femoral artery (Yahoo Health, 2012). It’s one of the larger veins in the venal system (Yahoo Health, 2012). The femoral vein returns blood in the leg to the heart via the iliac vein (WiseGeek, 2012). Continuing North from the femoral vein I will pass through the inguinal ligament. The inguinal ligament forms a band that runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubis area of the spine (Yahoo Health, 2012). It serves as a base to the inguinal canal because hernias can form there. The main function of the inguinal ligament is to protect the tissue that is constantly moving in the trunk and lower extremities of the body (Yahoo Health, 2012). From the inguinal ligament still heading north I will pass through the external iliac vein. The external iliac vein is a continuation of the femoral vein above the inguinal ligament. It starts at the groin and runs along the edge of the pelvic area (Yahoo Health, 2012). When it is combined with the internal iliac vein it forms the common iliac vein. The external iliac vein drains the leg and lower part of the anterior abdominal wall (Merriam-Webster, 2012). As I continue on I will pass the internal iliac vein to the East. The internal iliac vein combines with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein. It drains the pelvis, gluteal, and perineal regions (Merriam-Webster, 2012). Next I will be passing through the common iliac vein, which is formed by the external and internal iliac veins. It allows blood circulation from the lower abdomen and legs (Wise Geek, 2012). The hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood out of the liver and into the inferior vena cava (Wise Geek, 2012). The blood that was used to feed the liver and the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder is transported through the hepatic vein. From the hepatic vein I will then pass through the inferior vena cava. The inferior vena cava runs behind the abdominal cavity and alongside the right vertebra column of the spine (Yahoo Health, 2012). It carries oxygen depleted blood from the lower part of the body back to the heart. The inferior vena cava empties into the right atrium (Yahoo Health, 2012). Next stop is the right atrium. It’s located on the lower back side of the heart. The right atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart. Blood enters the heart through the two atriums (Yahoo Health, 2012). Oxygen depleted blood enters the right atrium via the inferior and superior vena cava (Yahoo Health, 2012). I will then pass through the tricuspid valve. It forms the boundary between the right ventricle and atrium (Yahoo Health, 2012). The tricuspid valve has tree flaps that keep blood from going back into the right atrium when they are closed. Next I will be moving on to the right ventricle. It is one of the four chambers of the heart, located at the lower left portion of the heart below the right atrium and opposite the left ventricle (Yahoo Health, 2012). The right ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygen depleted blood to the lungs. I will now pass through the right pulmonary artery. It begins at the base of the heart’s right ventricle and is approximately 3 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length (Yahoo Health, 2012). It then splits into the left and right pulmonary arteries. The right pulmonary artery delivers oxygen depleted blood to the right lung. From the right pulmonary artery I have made it to the right lung. Once in the lung I will travel South West to reach the lower lobe of the right lung. I’m finally in the lung. I can finally see what it looks like. I see a structure that looks like a three without leaves. I am passing the right primary bronchi. It is a tube like structure that allow for the passage of air between the trachea and lung (Health Type, 2012). As I move along the right primary bronchi branches off into the right secondary bronchi. Each one of the bronchi serves as an airway to a specific lobe of the lung (Wikipedia, 2011). The bronchi have cartilage plates, smooth muscles, and mucus-secreting gland cells in its wall (Wikipedia, 2011). They contain cilia, which removes dust and debris. Wow! The right secondary bronchi are branching off into very small passageways called bronchioles. The bronchioles are responsible for controlling air distribution and airflow resistance in the lungs (Wise Geek, 2012). They also contain cilia that help move air through the system. The bronchioles are now terminating at the alveolar ducts. They are the tiny end ducts that fill the lungs. At the end of the alveolar ducts are the alveolar sacs. The alveolar sacs resemble a cluster of grapes (Structure and Function, 2008). The walls of the alveolar sacs are made up of numerous alveoli, each of them resemble a single grape (Structure and Function, 2008). To fight the bacterium invasion in Mrs. Frizzle body a group of many organs and billions of freely-moving and trillions of free-floating molecules in different areas of the body work together (Structure and Function, 2008). Nonspecific or innate immunity is maintained by mechanisms that attack any irritant or abnormal substance that threatens the internal environment (Structure and Function, 2008). Mrs. Frizzle nonspecific immunity kicked in when the invading bacterium entered the lung. Pac man-like white blood cells called monocytes and macrophages take action. They then busily recruit a number of other cells including more macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells (Greater Immunity, 2010). All these cells work together to defeat the invader. In the body’s defense, Mrs. Frizzle will develop a fever. The fever is the body’s way of dealing more effectively with the invader. Later, during recovery, lymphocytes become active and create antibodies which will help Mrs. Frizzle deal with that particular bacterium, if she happens to encounter it again (Greater Immunity, 2010). The activated lymphocytes and antibodies become part of Mrs. Frizzle acquired immunity. Specific or acquired immunity includes protective mechanisms that confer specific protection against certain types of invading bacteria or other toxic material (Structure and Function, 2008). Mrs. Frizzle built up specific immunity during her illness. Her memory cells in her immune system learned the illness and remembered how to beat it in the future if it was to occur again. Specific immunity can be natural or artificial. Natural immunity is naturally inherited from the parents. Artificial immunity is immunization. Now that the â€Å"Battle of the Lung† is documented I can return home. I will now cross the alveolar membrane into the alveoli. I will take the alveoli to the bronchioles. From the bronchioles I will pass through the bronchi. I will then take the bronchi to the trachea. Next I will take the trachea to the nasopharynx. Upon leaving the nasopharynx I will arrive at the orthopharynx. I will then take the orthopharynx to my destination, out the nose. This was indeed a fantastic voyage. I hope you have learned just as much as I have. Signing out, India Hornsby at ASAP Health.

The Use of Oils in Sacraments Essay -- Bible Christianity Sacrament Ri

The Use of Oils in Sacraments 'Go, then, to all peoples everywhere and make them my disciples: baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit†¦'; Many of the sacraments that are celebrated today involve the use of oil. Baptism and confirmation are the two principle sacraments involving oils. In the Church liturgies, the actual significance of oil is often not known (or at least not fully) to the members of the parish faith community. This paper will examine the meaning of oil, the sacraments in which it is used, and prayers associated with it. There are three oils that are used in various sacraments: Chrism, Oil of Infirm, and the Oil of the Sick. The three oils are all equally important; however, an emphasis of sorts has been placed on the Sacred Chrism and the Oil of Infirm. The first sacrament, which will be examined, is baptism. The sacrament of baptism is most commonly associated with newborn children. The newborns (or adults) are new members of the Church, and new members of the Body of Christ. As with any sacrament, there is a standard procedure to follow when the sacrament is administered. Oil is not introduced in the Rite of Baptism until after the general intercessions, '†¦to introduce either the anointing with the oil of catechumens, or the laying on of hands.'; The oil is one of the most significant items used in the celebration of the Rite. Jesus, himself, particularly encouraged children to be baptized, 'Let the children come to me, and do not stop them, because the Kingdom of God belongs to such as these.'; During the time of Jesus, oil was used primarily used to show royalty; at this point in time, kings were the only 'anointed ones'. 'The completion of the sacrament consists, first, of the anointing with chrism, which signifies the royal priesthood of the baptized and enrollment into the company of the people of God†¦'; . Clearly, Chrism has a very powerful meaning in the celebration of baptism. Two thousand years ago, the Chrism was a sign of royalty and the tradition has carried on to today, where the 'royalty' are still anointed. The Church encourages that baptism be celebrated before the entire faith community. Baptisms usually take place during the Sunday liturgy. During the actual anointing of the candidates the celebrant says: 'we anoint you with the oil of salvation in the name of Christ ... ...me form of anointing. The anointing is always to fortify the recipient. Anointing also solidifies the body and soul, which are temples of the Holy Spirit. WORKS CITED Benedict XIV, Ep. Ex quo primum tempore 52: Benedicti XIV -- Bullarium, v. 3 (Prati, 1847) 320. Bouley, Adam, Catholic Rites Today Abridged Texts For Students. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press 1992, 164. Cyril of Jerusalem, Catech. 18, 33: PG 33, 1056. Epistolae Pontificae ad Concilium Florentinum spectantes, G. Hoffman, ed., Concilium Florentinum v. 1, ser. A, part 2 (Rome, 1944) 128. Mark 10:14 Sacramentary - Anointing Outside the Mass, Anointing, 124 Sacramentary -- A, Order Of A Baptism Celebrated By the Minister, 17 Sacramentary -- A, Structure of the Rite of Baptizing Children, 3 Sacramentary -- B, Prayer of Exorcism and Anointing Before Baptism, 50 Sacramentary - Rite of Confirmation Within the Mass, The Anointing With Chrism, 27 Sacramentary - Ordination of a Priest, Anointing of Hands, 24 Sacramentary - Anointing Outside the Mass, Anointing, 124 Tertullian, De resurrectione mortuorum 8, 3:CCL 2, 931. Trent, Unctione, ch. 2: Denz-Schon 1696

Daystar` by Rita Dove Essay

In the poem â€Å"Daystar† Rita Dove uses different stylistics devices and language means to create a message of the poem and appeal to readers emotions. Using stylistic devices the poetess hides themes and motives giving only a slight hint to readers about the symbolic meaning of the objects and words. Rita Dove uses language means to convey the unique message and shape the atmosphere of the poem.   Thesis Dove persuades the readers to think over eternal truths and virtues of a common woman, her daily tasks and routine work typical for every mother and wife. Rita Dove depicts events and life struggle through women’s eyes. The readers feel that it is not a voice of the author, but a voice of the woman who really bears enormous burden of housekeeping. Dove communicates with the readers through the character of a woman. Persona in the poetry is a prototype of a particular person within a class, culture, background, etc. Rita Dove refers to the woman as â€Å"she† underlining unimportance of her social status and background. And as the most important, this stylistic device helps the author to shaped physical reality and psychological state of the woman: â€Å"she was nothing, pure nothing† (Dove). Rita Dove uses connotation and denotation to create tension in the poem. For instance, the phrase â€Å"the little room for thinking† has both connotative and denotative meaning. The desire to escape from the reality creates the feeling of fatality, and for this reason the woman tries to find the place â€Å"that was hers for an hours†. Also, â€Å"the little room for thinking† can be interpreted as both personal freedom and evolution of emotional perception of the world. The title â€Å"daystar† has a double meaning: direct and indirect. On the one hand, it means â€Å"sun† and â€Å"light†, but on the other hand it symbolizes the role of a wife and a mother in the family. The title reflects the main idea of the poem connected with experience of a mother. This title suggests neither positive nor negative experience, but informs readers about importance of her daily duties for the entire family. The readers derive the meaning of this symbol from the context and events depicted by the author: â€Å"the children’s snap†, â€Å"diapers steaming on the line† (Dove). Imagery is another language device used by the author to shape the poem. Rita Dove uses fresh and vivid words to intensify, clarify and enrich meaning of the poem, for instance â€Å"a floating maple leaf†, â€Å"lugged a chair†, etc. It is possible to say that the images thus present an idea in terms of physical sensation. On the other hand, imagery shapes the poem creating feelings of dissatisfaction and cynical indifference. A successful image helps to make the readers feel the writer’s grasp of the object and situation she is dealing with, gives her grasp of it with precision, vividness, force, economy; and to make such an impact on the readers, its content, the stuff of which it is made. For instance, the image of â€Å"building a palace† means dreams of the women and her life hopes. Ambiguity helps the author to concentrate on a hidden meaning of the poem and disengage from traditional interpretation of the mother’s role. Ambiguity helps to look at social values through unique perception of the world typical for mothers. Strength of the work is its deep philosophical meaning depicted through the theme of gaily life of the mother exhausted by her duties. â€Å"Other days she stared until she / was assured when she closed / her eyes she’d only see her own / vivid blood† (Dove). The woman is caught in her social role and cannot go beyond this predetermined status. The symbolic interpretation of the events, comparison and contrast between the meaning of dark and light helps the writer to hold a reader’s attention. The differences are slight, and need special attention of the reader to grasp the idea. The difference in the mood has a particular metaphoric meaning, which adds pathos to the whole poem: â€Å"She would open her eyes / and think of the place that was hers / for an hour, ‘ in the middle of the day† (Dove). The other problem is that the woman tries to escape from her daily tasks in new settings as the only possible way to overcome enormous emotional pressure. â€Å"She had an hour, at best, ‘before Liza appeared pouting from the top of the stairs† (Dove). This is a free verse poem which bears resemble with a short story. Almost every rhyming word has significance in that it is associated with one or another of the main thought-feelings of the poem: daily tasks and role of the mother, despair and tiredness. The diction of the words is one of the essential elements used by Rita Dove to suggest the inevitability of daily tasks and routine work for the woman. Two stressed words put together imitate emotions and feelings of the mother, for instance â€Å"And just what was mother doing / out back with the field mice? / Why, building a palace† (Dove). Rhetorical questions help to shape and give a clarity and edge to the content, to the thought and feelings. Deep human emotions embroil reality and imaginary world of the nameless woman, but Dove leaves it to readers to decide her thoughts and feelings. In sum, the stylistic devices are employed by the author to enliven the narration, make it more vivid and palpable. Dove creates a powerful and true-to-life story about real experience of mothers exhausted by daily tasks. The unique combination of stylistic devices can be regarded as Dove’s style of writing which helps her to create powerful images of the woman and her daily life. Dove’s use of imagery and tone is a profoundly significant part of her style. Though Dove main ¬tains, both directly in his choice of theme and indirectly in his empathetic attitude, an overwhelming faith in love and importance of a mother as symbolized by a â€Å"daystar†. References 1. Dove, R. Daystar. Available at: http://www.ctadams.com/ritadove7.html

Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Assessment Essay

Introduction The creation of a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be a wise decision for the Lotus Car Rental Company. There are two major issues that are on the minds of people these days, the environment and money. By creating a fleet of alternative fuel based automobiles the Lotus Rental Care Company can help ease the fears of people in both categories. By having the ingenuity to have a fleet of alternative fuel automobiles; the Lotus Car Rental will set themselves apart from the rest of the rental car companies. Lotus Car Care will be the leaders in environmentally safe car rentals. The following research paper will discuss the background of this topic, the costs of working with alternative fuel automobiles, the technical aspects of alternative fuel, the environmental aspects of alternative fuel as well as discuss some recommendations for the Lotus Car Rental Company. Background The Lotus Car Rental Company is looking into adding a fleet of alternative fuel sourced vehicles to their supply. Alternative fuel sourced vehicles are classified as being resources other than petroleum. A few of these sources are produced here locally and some are derived from renewable sources. They often produce less pollution than does gasoline. (â€Å"Alternative Fuel Vehicles†, 2012). Hybrids are also considered to be an alternative sourced vehicle. A Hybrid vehicle is one that utilizes more than one form of onboard energy to achieve propulsion (â€Å"Edmunds.com†, 2009). Financial Feasibility Several factors influence the financial feasibility of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the fleet: vehicle cost, maintenance, advertising, and return on investment. Additional considerations include: market share, future growth, and implementation cost. The first consideration is the cost of adding hybrid vehicles to fleet inventory. Individual vehicle cost ranges from $23,000 to $37,000 and the models available include Honda Civic, Volkswagen Jetta, Lincoln MKZ, and Lexus ES300H (Almeida, 2009). Fleet costs would be less depending on number of units purchased and vehicle upgrades. Lotus Rental Car’s rentals fall into three categories: economy, mid-size, and luxury. Based on a cursory review of Lotus Rental Car’s primary income producers, the number of hybrid vehicles added should fall within the three to five percent range for each category. The initial outlay should equal or be less than the number of vehicles within each specific category that will be retired within the purchase year. For instance, if ten percent of economy vehicles will be retired then five percent of the new vehicles purchased will be hybrid. By timing the introduction of the new hybrid vehicles with inventory retirement the initial cost outlay will be mitigated. The anticipated maintenance costs will be similar to the previous year’s cost and no change is expected. Income from vehicles retired is expected to equal the same percentage as non-hybrid automobiles and will not constitute a negative financial impact. Advertising is a major consideration, although the cost is not expected to increase. Target markets will be in major cities where Lotus Rental Car’s already has a large presence. Urban centers with environmentally conscious drivers are the best place to begin a new hybrid product line. Adding information regarding the new line to existing websites provides maximum exposure with minimal cost. Other markets include environmentally conscious corporate businesses that already have a corporate account with Lotus. Market share and future growth is connected to advertising and return on investment. The implementation costs are minimal. The monthly return on investment is tied to advertising, environmental activity, and rental cost. Advertising includes national campaigns and local markets. The rental market incorporates online sales and local customers. The majority of travelers will book a rental vehicle prior to arriving at the rental company. Pricing will play an important factor in a rental commitment. Up-sale will increase income potential. Economy vehicles rentals begin at $9.99 and increase, depending on the current sales program. The cost may decrease, depending on the number of days booked, special pricing, and additional sale of navigation, XM radio, and infant seats. However, the average rental price for an economy vehicle is $29.99 per day and hybrid vehicles rent from $65.99 to $159 per day. The return on investment per day would range from $35 to $129. It is clear the automotive industry is offering a variety of hybrid vehicles in response to customer demand. The future of the automotive industry includes alternative fuel vehicles of all models. As the automotive industry embraces hybrid sales that increase their market share, so should the vehicle rental industry. Entry into a new product line will have higher costs than non-alternative vehicles until the product becomes well immersed into the market. In the case of hybrid vehicles it is prudent that Lotus Rental Car adds hybrid vehicles to their urban centers and joins the environmental movement along with major vehicle manufacturers. It is clear that as time passes, a portion of new business will gravitate toward rental car companies that offer alternative fuel vehicles. Lotus Rental Car company will lose future market share and the expense of entering the hybrid market will increase if Lotus Rental Car company enters the market after its competitors (Schueneman, 2009). Technical Aspects One of the many advantages of owning a hybrid vehicle is saving money at the pump. Unlike your standard gas running car, this on average would do about 21 mpg highway and city driving. Hybrids on average are doing 30 mpg highway and city. An article written on nationalgeographic.com it shows the actual fuel saving over a year span â€Å"The average American driver between the ages of 34 and 55 drives 15,291 miles annually. Divide this annual mileage figure by 21 miles to the gallon for the standard model, and you will find that you would buy about 728 gallons of gasoline a year. In contrast, if you divide the annual miles figure by 30 for the hybrid, you would determine that the annual gas purchase would be of about 510 gallons. You would save 218 gallons of gas a year with the hybrid. Multiply this by a conservative $3.50 a gallon for a dollar savings of $763. By selecting the hybrid over the standard model, you would make up for the $5,560 difference in sticker price in seven to eight years. Subtract the maximum tax incentive and you could recoup the $2,160 difference in less than three years. Thus, in this example, you would save money either by paying full price and driving your hybrid for more than eight years, or by driving it for more than three years with a tax credit.†(Nationalgeographic.com by Lynne Haley Rose). So although the price tag is little higher on hybrids you will easily make your money back in the gas savings. Most people may think,† Yeah, you save on gas, but don’t get the as much horsepower when you purchase a hybrid vehicle.† The idea of combining electric and gas does seem to leave much room for speed and maneuverability. This assumption is not true; yes hybrids do have smaller gas engines, but they make it up with their electric engine. Coupled with the gas engine, the electric engine can send power to various parts of the car, mainly the wheels. This is a very good advantage over standard horsepower, because it could actually supply more power to the car; which increases its speed. With all this talk about horsepower and speed, we begin to think about maintaining a hybrid car. Once again, just because it’s a hybrid doesn’t mean it’s more expensive. Most of the basic normal maintenance requirements like oil changes and tune ups cost about the same as standard cars. They even have their own perks. A standard car requires an oil change every 3,000 miles; whereas hybrids are every 6,000 miles. One of the most expensive items on a hybrid is the car’s battery; which can run you up to 3,000 dollars. Don’t let this number scare you, because these batteries have no real recorded life expectancy â€Å"a long time† is what I kept seeing in my research. As said in (8 Reasons to Buy a Hybrid Car) â€Å"There’s no difference between a hybrid and the gas-powered car parked in your garage — it can accelerate just as quickly and cruise just as fast on the highway, and it handles just as smoothly. Most important, hybrids are just as safe to drive.† (By Alan Rider Parents.com). Hybrids have come a long way since the first Prius 10 years ago. They’ve excelled in mpg, horsepower and style. There are a number of hybrids out there now and many styles to choose from in the standard and luxury lines. As far a comfortable ride, hybrids and standard cars are the same. Now, of course, if you go out and get a Lexus hybrid you’re going to have more luxuries than if you purchased a Toyota hybrid. Most cars you get know have all of the technical capabilities available and if they don’t they can be added. Technology will not stop growing and with that so will the new age of hybrids. Environmental Aspects Petroleum based fuels can create harmful emissions like carbon dioxide; nitrous oxides, and particulate matter, all of which degrade the environment (â€Å"5 things you need to know about alternative fuel vehicles,† 2008). These methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and other gasses are known as greenhouse gases. When these gasses build up they contribute to global warming. HybridCar.org claims that Hybrid vehicles produce 80 percent less greenhouse gases than conventional fuel based vehicles (â€Å"Hybrid Cars And Pollution†, 2005). Toxicity is another problem with petroleum fuel based vehicles. The producing of some forms of alternative fuels can create fewer toxins than those produced by traditional fuel vehicles. For instance, biodiesel is a fuel that is created from leftover vegetation like corn stalks. Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic which makes it safe for the environment. Noise pollution is also a form of pollution. Car engines can produce 110 decibels of noise, which is twice as loud as a normal conversation.. The noise will come from the fuel pump, pistons and compressors that create the combustion and cycle the fuel. Vehicles with alternative fuel sources such as hydrogen fuel cells will produce no sound or vibration as they require no moving parts to produce fuel. Recommendations The research has shown that a fleet of alternative fuel sourced vehicles would be the best idea for everyone involved. The positive feedback generated by offering this fleet of vehicles would be astounding. The market for rental cars with alternative fuel capabilities is very small and the Lotus Car Rental Company would have the market cornered. The cost of maintain a fleet of these vehicles are no different than that of petroleum fueled vehicles. The consumer that is able to rent these vehicles will also benefit by being able to save more money on energy for the vehicle. The environment will also benefit from this addition to the Lotus Car Rental fleet. The amount of pollution and emissions that can be cut back will be helpful to the surrounding community and the future generations to grow up in the community. Conclusion The creation of a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be a wise decision for the Lotus Car Rental Company. After conducting much research, the decision to incorporate a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be in the best interest of the public as well as the company. The research has shown the monetary benefits, the technical benefits as well as the environmental benefits of acquiring a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles. The benefits of having a positive company reputation are enormous. Having an environmentally friendly car rental company has the potential of being a lucrative decision. Living a green lifestyle has become an important thing in this day and age. The Lotus Car Rental Company will have cornered the market by having an entire fleet of environmentally friendly automobiles. References Alternative fuel vehicles. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/current.shtml Edmunds.com. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.edmunds.com/fuel-economy/what-is-a-hybrid-car-how-do-hybrids-work.html Almeida, A. (2009, August 13). Average Cost of a Hybrid Car. Retrieved from CarsDirect: http://www.carsdirect.com/car-pricing/whats-the-average-cost-of-a-new-hybrid-car Schueneman, T. (2009, February 12). Enterprise Rent-a-Car Adds 5000 Hybrids to its Fleet of Fuel Efficient Cars. Retrieved from sustainablog: http://sustainablog.org/2009/02/enterprise-rent-a-car-adds-5000-hybrids-to-its-fleet-of-fuel-efficient-cars/ 5 things you need to know about alternative fuel vehicles. (2008, July). greencar.com, (), . Retrieved from http://www.greencar.com/articles/5-things-need-alternative-fuel-vehicles.php Hybrid cars and pollution. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.hybrid-car.org/hybrid-cars-pollution.html

Battle of Ligny During the Napoleonic Wars

Battle of Ligny During the Napoleonic Wars The Battle of Ligny was fought on June 16, 1815, during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Heres a summary of the event. Battle of Ligney Background Having crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte embarked on a decade of campaigning which saw him win victories at places such as Austerlitz, Wagram, and Borodino. Finally defeated and forced to abdicate in April 1814, he accepted exile on Elba under the terms of the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In the wake of Napoleons defeat, the European powers convened the Congress of Vienna to outline the postwar world. Unhappy in exile, Napoleon escaped and landed in France on March 1, 1815. Marching to Paris, he built an army as he traveled with soldiers flocking to his banner. Declared an outlaw by the Congress of Vienna, Napoleon worked to consolidate power as Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Russia formed the Seventh Coalition to prevent his return. Armies and Commanders Prussians Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼cher84,000 men French Napoleon Bonaparte68,000 men Napoleons Plan Assessing the strategic situation, Napoleon concluded that a swift victory was required before the Seventh Coalition could fully mobilize its forces against him. To achieve this, he sought to destroy the Duke of Wellingtons coalition army south of Brussels before turning east to defeat Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼chers approaching Prussian army. Moving north, Napoleon divided his Armee du Nord (Army of the North) in three giving command of the left-wing to Marshal Michel Ney, the right-wing to Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy, while retaining personal command of a reserve force. Understanding that if Wellington and Blà ¼cher united they would have the power to crush him, he crossed the border at Charleroi on June 15 with the intention of defeating the two coalition armies in detail. That same day, Wellington began directing his forces to move towards Quatre Bras while Blà ¼cher concentrated at Sombreffe. Determining the Prussians to pose a more immediate threat, Napoleon directed Ney to seize Quatre Bras while he moved with the reserves to reinforce Grouchy. With both coalition armies defeated, the road to Brussels would be open. The next day, Ney spent the morning forming his men while Napoleon joined Grouchy at Fleurus. Making his headquarters at the windmill of Brye, Blà ¼cher deployed Lieutenant-General Graf von Zietens I Corps to defend a line running through the villages of Wagnelà ©e, Saint-Amand, and Ligny. This formation was supported by Major General George Ludwig von Pirchs II Corps to the rear. Extending east from I Corps left was Lieutenant General Johann von Thielemanns III Corps which covered Sombreffe and the armys line of retreat. As the French approached on the morning on June 16, Blà ¼cher directed II and III Corps to send troops to reinforce Zietens lines. Napoleon Attacks To dislodge the Prussians, Napoleon intended to send forward General Dominique Vandammes III Corps and General Étienne Gà ©rards IV Corps against the villages while Grouchy was to advance on Sombreffe. Hearing artillery fire coming from Quatre Bras, Napoleon commenced his attack around 2:30 PM. Striking Saint-Amand-la-Haye, Vandammes men carried the village in heavy fighting. Their hold proved brief as a determined counterattack by Major General Carl von Steinmetz reclaimed it for the Prussians. Fighting continued to swirl around Saint-Amand-Haye through the afternoon with Vandamme again taking possession. As the loss of the village threatened his right flank, Blà ¼cher directed part of II Corps to attempt to envelop Saint-Amand-le-Haye. Moving forward, Pirchs men were blocked by Vandamme in front of Wagnelà ©e. Arriving from Brye, Blà ¼cher took personal control of the situation and directed a strong effort against Saint-Amand-le-Haye. Striking the battered French, this assa ult secured the village. Fighting Rages As fighting raged to the west, Gà ©rards men hit Ligny at 3:00 PM. Enduring heavy Prussian artillery fire, the French penetrated the town but were ultimately driven back. A subsequent assault culminated in bitter house-to-house fighting which resulted in the Prussians maintaining their hold on Ligny. Around 5:00 PM, Blà ¼cher directed Pirch to deploy the bulk of II Corps south of Brye. At the same time, a degree of confusion struck the French high command as Vandamme reported seeing a large enemy force approaching Fleurus. This actually was Marshal Comte dErlons I Corps marching in from Quatre Bras as requested by Napoleon. Unaware of Napoleons orders, Ney recalled dErlon before he reached Ligny and I Corps played no role in the fighting. The confusion caused by this created a break which allowed Blà ¼cher to order II Corps into action. Moving against the French left, Pirchs corps was stopped by Vandamme and General Guillaume Duhesmes Young Guard Division. The Prussians Break Around 7:00 PM, Blà ¼cher learned that Wellington was heavily engaged at Quatre Bras and would be unable to send aid. Left on this own, the Prussian commander sought to end the fighting with a strong attack against the French left. Assuming personal oversight, he reinforced Ligny before massing his reserves and launching an assault against Saint-Amand. Though some ground was gained, French counterattacks forced the Prussians to begin retreating. Reinforced by General Georges Moutons VI Corps, Napoleon began assembling a massive strike against the enemy center. Opening a bombardment with sixty guns, he ordered troops forward around 7:45 PM. Overwhelming the tired Prussians, the attack broke through Blà ¼chers center. To halt the French, Blà ¼cher directed his cavalry forward. Leading a charge, he was incapacitated after having his horse shot. The Prussian cavalry was soon halted by their French counterparts. Aftermath Assuming command, Lieutenant-General August von Gneisenau, Blà ¼chers chief of staff, ordered a retreat north to Tilly after the French broke through at Ligny around 8:30 PM. Conducting a controlled retreat, the Prussians were not pursued by the exhausted French. Their situation improved quickly as the newly-arrived IV Corps deployed as a strong rearguard at Wavre which allowed a rapidly-recovering Blà ¼cher to reassemble his army. In the fighting at the Battle of Ligny, the Prussians sustained around 16,000 casualties while French losses numbered around 11,500. Though a tactical victory for Napoleon, the battle failed to mortally wound Blà ¼chers army or drive it to a location from which it could no longer support Wellington. Forced to fall back from Quatre Bras, Wellington assumed a defensive position where on June 18 he engaged Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. In heavy fighting, he won a decisive victory with the aid of the Blà ¼chers Prussians which arrived in the afternoo n.

Is Freedom Really Free essays

Is Freedom Really Free essays Is Freedom Really Free Every American has the right to freedom are lives would be very different without it. Sometimes you cant help but wonder is are freedom really free. Having freedom always comes with a price tag in one way or another. As American people we all have the right to freedom. When people from different countries come to America the first thing that they usually see it The Statue of Liberty symbolizing are freedom. In fact America is all based on the word freedom. Are freedom all started with The Bill of Rights stating are five basic freedoms. Without freedom we would be told what religion to fallow and what we can and can not say. Freedom was not easy to get many wars were started on the road to claiming freedom. Before America was officially free many people had lost their lives standing up to freedom. We have so many freedoms most people take advantage of are freedom. We are free to express are opions in any way we want such as writing or talking about them. Are government protects all of are right to freedom. But are government also charges us taxes and other expenses like they are charging us for are freedom. Many peopl e cheat our government but what they dont realize is their cheating there freedom and they usually end up in jail. Freedom has cost everything from money right down to American blood. Freedom has also cost pain, suffering, and violence. Americans from past wars have worked long and hard and know the true answer of what freedom has cost. In conclusion freedom has been a long and hard path. Freedom has cost more then just money it has cost much much more then just that. Everyone has there own opinion of what freedom cost but in my opinion freedom had almost cost Americans everything we had to stand for. ...

Henry Light Horse Harry Lee in the American Revolution

Henry Light Horse Harry Lee in the American Revolution Born at Leesylvania near Dumfries, VA on January 29, 1756, Henry Lee III was the son of Henry Lee II and Lucy Grymes Lee. A member of a prominent Virginia family, Lees father was a second cousin of Richard Henry Lee who later served as President of the Continental Congress.   Receiving his early education in Virginia, Lee then moved north to attend the College of New Jersey (Princeton) where he pursued a degree in classical studies. Graduating in 1773, Lee returned to Virginia and commenced a career in law. This endeavor proved short-lived as Lee quickly took an interest in military matters following the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the start of the American Revolution in April 1775. Traveling to Williamsburg the following year, he sought a place in one of the new Virginia regiments being formed for service with the Continental Army.  Commissioned as a captain on June 18, 1775, Lee led the 5th Troop of Colonel Theodorick Blands light cavalry battalion.   After spending the fall equipping and training, the unit moved north and joined General George Washingtons army in January 1776. Marching with Washington Incorporated into the Continental Army in March, the unit was re-designated the 1st Continental Light Dragoons.   Shortly thereafter, Lee and his troop largely began to operate independently from Blands command and saw service in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania in conjunction with forces led by Major Generals Benjamin Lincoln and Lord Stirling. In this role, Lee and his men largely conducted reconnaissance, foraged for supplies, and attacked British outposts. Impressed with their performance, Washington effectively made the unit independent that fall and began issuing orders directly to Lee. With the beginning of the Philadelphia Campaign in the late summer of 1777, Lees men operated in southeastern Pennsylvania and were present, but not engaged, at the Battle of Brandywine in September. After the defeat, Lees men retreated with the rest of the army. The following month, the troop served as Washingtons bodyguard during the Battle of Germantown.   With the army in winter quarters at Valley Forge, Lees troop earned fame on January 20, 1778, when it thwarted an ambush led by Captain Banastre Tarleton near Spread Eagle Tavern. Growing Responsibility On April 7, Lees men were formally separated from the 1st Continental Light Dragoons and work commenced to expand the unit to three troops. At the same time, Lee was promoted to major at the request of Washington. Much of the rest of the year was spent training and organizing the new unit. To cloth his men, Lee chose a uniform featuring a short green jacket and white or doeskin pants. In an effort to ensure tactical flexibility, Lee had one of the troops dismounted to serve as infantry. On September 30, he took his unit into battle at Edgars Lane near Hastings-on-Hudson, NY. Winning a victory over a force of Hessians, Lee lost no men in the fighting.   On July 13, 1779, a company of infantry was added to Lees command to serve a fourth troop. Three days later, the unit served as a reserve during Brigadier General Anthony Waynes successful attack on Stony Point. Inspired by this operation, Lee was tasked with mounting a similar assault on Paulus Hook in August. Moving forward on the night of the 19th, his command attacked Major William Sutherlands position. Overrunning the British defenses, Lees men inflicted 50 casualties and captured over 150 prisoners in exchange for two killed and three wounded.   In recognition of this achievement, Lee received a gold medal from Congress. Continuing to strike at the enemy, Lee raided Sandy Hook, NJ in January 1780. Lees Legion In February, Lee received authorization from Congress to form a legionary corps consisting of three troops of cavalry and three of infantry. Accepting volunteers from across the army, this saw Lees Legion expand to around 300 men. Though ordered south to reinforce the garrison at Charleston, SC in March, Washington rescinded the order and the legion remained in New Jersey into the summer.   On June 23, Lee and his men stood with Major General Nathanael Greene during the Battle of Springfield. This saw British and Hessian forces led by Baron von Knyphausen advance in northern New Jersey in an attempt to defeat the Americans. Assigned to defend the  Vauxhall Road bridges with the assistance of Colonel Mathias Ogdens 1st New Jersey, Lees men soon were under heavy pressure. Though fighting tenaciously, the legion was nearly driven from the field until being reinforced by Brigadier General John Stark. That November, Lee received orders to march south to aid American forces in the Carolinas which had been severely reduced due to the loss of Charleston and the defeat at Camden. Southern Theater Promoted to lieutenant colonel and having earned the nickname Light Horse Harry for his exploits, Lee joined Greene, who had assumed command in the South, in January 1781. Re-designated the 2nd Partisan Corps, Lees unit joined with Brigadier General Francis Marions men for an attack on Georgetown, SC later that month. In February, the legion won an engagement at Haw River (Pyles Massacre) as well as helped screen Greenes retreat north to the Dan River and evade pursuing British forces under Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Reinforced, Greene returned south and met Cornwallis at the Battle of Guilford Court House on March 15. Fighting commenced when Lees men engaged British dragoons led by Tarleton a few miles from Greenes position. Engaging the British, he was able to hold until the 23rd Regiment of Foot arrived to support Tarleton. Rejoining the army after a sharp fight, Lees Legion assumed a position on the American left and harried the British right flank for the remainder of the battle. In addition to operating with Greenes army, Lees troops worked with other light forces led by individuals such as Marion and Brigadier General Andrew Pickens. Raiding through South Carolina and Georgia, these troops captured several British outposts including Fort Watson, Fort Motte, and Fort Grierson as well as attacked Loyalists in the region.   Rejoining Greene in June after a successful attack on Augusta, GA, Lees men were present for the final days of the failed siege of Ninety-Six. On September 8, the legion supported Greene during the Battle of Eutaw Springs. Riding north, Lee was present for Cornwallis surrender at the Battle of Yorktown the following month.      Ã‚   Later Life In February 1782, Lee left the army claiming fatigue but influenced by a lack of support for his men and a perceived lack of respect for his accomplishments. Returning to Virginia, married his second cousin, Matilda Ludwell Lee, in April. The couple had three children prior to her death in 1790.   Elected to the Congress of the Confederation in 1786, Lee served for two years before advocating for the ratification of the US Constitution. After serving in the Virginia legislature from 1789 to 1791, he was elected Governor of Virginia.   On June 18, 1793, Lee married Anne Hill Carter. Together they had six children including future Confederate commander Robert E. Lee. With the beginning of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794, Lee accompanied President Washington west to deal with the situation and was placed in command of military operations. In the wake of this incident, Lee was made a major general in the US Army in 1798 and elected to Congress a year later. Serving one term, he famously eulogized Washington at the presidents funeral on December 26, 1799. The next several years proved difficult for Lee as land speculation and business difficulties eroded his fortune. Forced to serve a year in debtors prison, he wrote his memoirs of the war.   On July 27, 1812, Lee was severely injured when he attempted to defend a newspaper friend, Alexander C. Hanson, from a mob in Baltimore. Set upon because of Hansons opposition to the War of 1812, Lee sustained multiple internal injuries and wounds.    Plagued by issues relating to the attack, Lee spent his final years traveling in warmer climates in an attempt to relieve his suffering. After spending time in the West Indies, he died at Dungeness, GA on March 25, 1818. Buried with full military honors, Lees remains were later relocated to the Lee Family Chapel at Washington Lee University (Lexington, VA) in 1913.

Nationalism and Sectionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nationalism and Sectionalism - Essay Example This was a mighty issue which would generate much debate and ultimately foster sectionalism, which was so fervent until the label of Federalist (those who supported a strong central government) and anti-federalist (opposed to the watering down of state sovereignty created substantial followings. James Madison and John Tyler served together in the Virginia General Assembly. They devised a plan for a state's convention to be held in Annapolis, Maryland in September 1786. At this convention, the two men proposed that macro commerce is controlled and regulated by the Continental Congress. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the Annapolis meeting. The meeting amplified the urgency to reverse the economic trends. In their report to Congress, including an appeal addressed to Congress, to have the states appoint delegates for a gathering in Philadelphia. Further, that the announcement of purpose to all delegates, was to be a revision of the Articles of Confederation. Thou gh some members of Congress viewed this move as a stepping on their Congressional â€Å"toes†, nonetheless, the delegates from each state were summarily notified by Congress. â€Å"Rhode Island viewed the gathering as an attempt to circumvent their strong state sovereignty. The men of the state had a strong attachment to paper currency; they had low taxes and a state government which was supportive. Many other Americans also had misgivings, which were aligned with the men of Rhode Island. Patrick Henry was rumored to have said.† I smell a rat†. ... strong central government) and anti-federalist (opposed to the watering down of state sovereignty created substantial followings. James Madison and John Tyler served together in the Virginia General Assembly. They devised a plan for a states convention to be held at Annapolis, Maryland in September 1786. At this convention the two men proposed that macro commerce be controlled and regulated by the continental Congress. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the Annapolis meeting. The meeting amplified the urgency to reverse the economic trends. In their report to Congress (Madison and Hamilton), included an appeal addressed to Congress, to have the states appoint delegates for a gathering in Philadelphia. Further, that the announcement of purpose to all delegates, was to be a revision in the Articles of Confederation. Though some members of Congress viewed this move as a stepping on their Congressional "toes", nonetheless, the delegates from each state were summarily notified by Congress. "Rhode Island viewed the gathering as an attempt to circumvent their strong state sovereignty. The men of the state had a strong attachment to paper currency; they had3 low taxes and a state government which was supportive. They sent no delegates to Philadelphia. Many other Americans also had misgivings, which were aligned with the men of Rhode Island. Patrick Henry was rumored to have said." I smell a rat". (Quinn) Patrick Henry articulated his belief in the "sanction of place". It was the precursor of the adage or

Money Management Final-1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Money Management Final-1 - Assignment Example Investing the entire sum of money in a single stock exposes the investor to the risk of that asset. So, in case when the price of that security falls in the market due to any reason, the investor will suffer huge losses. This, risk of concentration of money in a single stock is mitigated through diversification. Risk Profile Analysis Investments are subject to market risks and a rational investor always prefers to minimize risk over given investment return of maximize return over given risk. The risk profile of a portfolio is determined on the basis of risk appetite of investor. If the investor is risk prone then such investor would prefer investing larger portion of portfolio in risky assets such as common stocks or growth EFTs where as an investor with a lower risk appetite would prefer investing in safer assets to ensure protection of principal investment. The logic or procedure to determine the amount to be invested in risky assets is determined on the basis of time horizon, obje ctives, and diversification. Objectives and Asset Mix The main objective of the portfolio is to get adequate amount of long term growth in income. In order to achieve this objective, substantial amount of the investment corpus should be invested into equity class ETFs and fewer portions should be invested in debt instruments. This is because, while the equity will ensure long term capital growth for the investor through proper diversification, debt portion of portfolio will ensure fixed and stable income for the investor. Proper diversification will help reduce the overall portfolio risk by spreading stock specific risk into combination of securities. Determining Time Frame of Investment In order to evaluate the performance of the portfolio, sufficient time horizon should be chosen since the objective of portfolio is long term capital growth and not speculative trading. Keeping the objective of portfolio, a time horizon of minimum five years will be chosen to evaluate the performanc e of the securities. Money Management through ETF On the basis of the portfolio objectives, time frame of investment and risk profile analysis discussed earlier it can be said that Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) can be an effective money management tool. ETFs are investment funds that are often traded as commodity in the stock markets. Thus, ETF funds are traded similar to stocks in the stock exchanges but at the same time it is essential to know the process of buying and selling of ETFs in the stock exchanges. The process allows market players to determine ETF prices by analyzing the forces of demand and supply of ETFs in the market throughout the day. If appropriate strategy is not formulated then the investor might be adversely affected from price fluctuations throughout the day. Further the investment objective will determine whether the portfolio will be able to provide sufficient returns to the investors to attain such objectives

Support to SMEs in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Support to SMEs in the UK - Essay Example This importance of the sector can therefore not be overlooked. Moreover, with the increased shift towards government and private sector alliances in most nations, it is impediment upon the government of the day to closely monitor and support the activities of the small businesses in the country. It is through the recognition of this fact that the government has the obligation of providing support to the various SMEs in the country. Another important factor about SMEs is through the characteristic growth that they have exhibited in major economies of the world including the United Kingdom. To harness this growth to the national economic growth, there is a need for a good operational environment for such enterprises. The government, private sector and other parties have therefore taken measures to ensure that the businesses are supported for an enhanced growth that will translate into an economic improvement. This paper will critically analyze the support and resources that have been a vailed to the SMEs in the country in terms of linguistic and cultural support. ... First, there are two major national wide financial assistance programs. They include the enterprise finance guarantee (EFG) and the enterprise capital funds (ECF). Secondly, there are other separate programs that are concerned with supporting the enterprises within England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales (BBC, 2011). The EFG is a nationwide financial assistance program to SMEs that was established to encourage and enhance lending to the various enterprises from the various commercial banks. Since lending tradition in the country has always followed strict requirement criteria, the government has been able to use this program to assist the enterprises meet these standards. This is through providing a guarantee of 75% to their loans on commercial banks. The enterprises also need to show that they have an annual income or turnover of about 25 million pounds (BBC, 2011). This program is flexible to all enterprises except in the coal industry. The EFG program is therefore a resourceful finan cial guarantee program that helps enterprises overcome the cultural barriers imposed by commercial banks that traditionally prefer to deal with established organizations because of the strict requirements of lending in the country. Through this program, the enterprises are able to acquire loans, repay their existing loans among other financial undertakings for the support of business growth and expansion. As a result, it is estimated that about 6000 enterprises benefit from this resourceful program annually in the country with enterprises required to access the program through their banks. Likewise, the ECFs are another move by the national government aimed at supporting the growth of SMEs. The program is a capital oriented initiative that involves

Real estate law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Real estate law - Coursework Example Secondly, there is a river that passes alongside the school that is river Wandle meaning that if a pool or residential and commercial buildings were to build in the area issues of water pollution have to be put into consideration. This is because the drainage systems would all be directed to the river causing pollution. The debris and the abandonment of the side have also caused land contamination meaning that something has to be done t o ensure that the land is restored. Lastly, there is the issue of green agenda where the school has to ensure that the facilities that are being built in school should be environmentally friendly. The major issue that should be addressed by the developers is ensuring that they do not infringe on the right to right of the individuals who have lived on the adjacent property for the past 20 years (Cox & Thompson, 2010 p. 45). A right to light is an easement that allows a landowner the right to receive or acquire light through definite apertures in buildings on his or her land. This is to say that the owner of the land that is troubled by the right cannot significantly interfere with it in instances where they want to erect a building in a manner that blocks the light without having the consent of the benefiting owner. This is because the right to light under Right to Light Act indicates that in case a person has lived in a certain property for a period of twenty years or more they should have control or should have the ability to prevent any developer or the development of a property( Mossberg, 2012.p 56). This is in cases where the construction of those properties would result to minimal loss of l light to the neighbors’ window. In the case of Grove Park Independent schools and the

Database Management of Northampton Business School Essay

Database Management of Northampton Business School - Essay Example From the report it is clear that  the organizations have realized that the key to an efficient running of a business operation or any management process is efficient access and storage of information. The electronic Database management system was designed to fulfil two primary needs, storage and access of data in a time efficient manner. The traditional database management was cumbersome and was not centralized.This discussion highlights that  information was limited within departmental boundaries of the organization. It was difficult for one department to access data of another department. Now with the development of computerized databases, data entry and data access, both are performed in a centralized manner.  The data can now be stored in a centralized server and can be accessed by all the departments. As a result, access to information has become faster which gives employees more time to invest in other endeavours. Thus, it can be stated that database management system has increased the productivity of an organization. Incorporation of database management into an organization is a perfect example of restructuring a management with the help of technology.  The database is to be used to monitor students’ activity, their attendance, individual grades, enrolled courses, performance rating and behavioural conduct. The entity relationship structure will further describe the database and how it is linked to the entire organization of a centralized operation.

To What Extent NGOs is the Voice of Civil Society Essay

To What Extent NGOs is the Voice of Civil Society - Essay Example Many people believe that NGOs emerging from the Civil Society; hence representing it. In their opinion, NGOs mediate relationships between state and civil society and they are part of civil society. In order to learn more about the role of NGO’s in a civil society, it is necessary to define the term civil society. Civil society is an ambiguous term. There are plenty of definitions attached to the term civil society by different scholars. â€Å"The paradox about civil society is that it covers a vast range of activities - yet it's very hard to define. One description puts it quite succinctly: 'A civil society is a public space between the state, the market, and the ordinary household, in which people can debate and tackle action† (What Is Civil Society?. When applied in developing country contexts, it is often used to refer to the NGO sector, social movements and trade unions. It sometimes even includes the private sector. â€Å"The term civil society is generally used to classify persons, institutions, and organizations that have the goal of advancing or expressing a common purpose through ideas, actions, and demands on governments†. In any case, politicians, governmental and nongovernmental organizations are working for the well-being of the civil society; at least on papers. According to Lister, â€Å"The legitimacy of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is poorly theorized in development studies literature, where it is usually seen as dependent on accountability, performance, and representativeness

Database Management of Northampton Business School Essay

Database Management of Northampton Business School - Essay Example From the report it is clear that  the organizations have realized that the key to an efficient running of a business operation or any management process is efficient access and storage of information. The electronic Database management system was designed to fulfil two primary needs, storage and access of data in a time efficient manner. The traditional database management was cumbersome and was not centralized.This discussion highlights that  information was limited within departmental boundaries of the organization. It was difficult for one department to access data of another department. Now with the development of computerized databases, data entry and data access, both are performed in a centralized manner.  The data can now be stored in a centralized server and can be accessed by all the departments. As a result, access to information has become faster which gives employees more time to invest in other endeavours. Thus, it can be stated that database management system has increased the productivity of an organization. Incorporation of database management into an organization is a perfect example of restructuring a management with the help of technology.  The database is to be used to monitor students’ activity, their attendance, individual grades, enrolled courses, performance rating and behavioural conduct. The entity relationship structure will further describe the database and how it is linked to the entire organization of a centralized operation.

Cognarive and behavioral therapy for physically abused kids in low Coursework

Cognarive and behavioral therapy for physically abused kids in low income areas - Coursework Example Question 2: Did you find any outcomes that opposed your expectations or the expectations of the researchers? How might this information change your thinking about your proposed intervention? If not, what did you find that was surprising and or challenged your assumptions? No outcomes opposed my expectations or the expectations of researchers although it was surprising to find that although there is a relatively high number of clinicians skilled in the use of TF-CBT in the United States, a comparatively low number is putting the components into play despite previous studies showing that TF-CBT components were evidently productive. The level of success in Community-based participatory examination ideologies applied in Zambia was also unexpected but positively welcomed. Question 3: Did you include qualitative research in your review? If so, was there a clear statement of the aims of the research and did it seek to illuminate subjective experiences/actions of participants? Was the research design appropriate to address those aims (Questions adapted from Canadian National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools NCCMT 2010)? I also included a qualitative review, an incidence I found particularly sufficient in addressing the aims of the research. Drawing on the findings, it is clear that the research seeks to shed a light on the subjective experiences the participants incurred. More so, this research design would suffice in addressing the aims of the overall research. Cary, C. E., & McMillen, J. C. (2012). The data behind the dissemination: A systematic review of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for use with children and youth.  Children and Youth Services Review,  34(4), 748-757. Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., & Deblinger, E. (2014). Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. In  Evidence-Based Approaches for the Treatment of Maltreated Children  (pp. 165-185). Springer Netherlands. Murray, L. K.,

Ecological Footprint Essay Example for Free

Ecological Footprint Essay Like all animals, humans require a certain amount of space to support their needs. We can think of the space that provides these materials as an individual’s ‘ecological footprint. ’ Not all humans have the same ecological footprint, as the way we live our lives—our lifestyles—determines the impact we have on the environment. 1. How did your ecological footprint break down? Fill in the percentage column. Category % Food 18% Mobility 14% Shelter 9% Good 23% Services 35% 2. How many global acres does it take to support your lifestyle? It would 22. 4 global acres of Earth’s productive area to support my lifestyle. 3. If everyone lived like you do, we would need   planets to provide resources. If everyone lived like me, we would need 5 planet Earths to provide resources. 4. What could you do to lessen your Ecological Footprint? After taking the Ecological Footprint calculator I found out that my lifestyle consumed a big part of Earth’s resources. The ecological footprint calculator helped me to reduce my lifestyle by 1. 3 planets. It suggested that I should eat fewer animal based products and start eating naturally produce crops. I also should purchase products which used less packaging or packaging materials that are made from recycled products. I am planning to use energy from renewable resources by switching to solar panels for my home. I also plan to stop using our car and start to use public transportation as my mode of travel. I usually go for a vacation every year. My family and I need to fly to our destination. To be able to lessen our ecological footprints, I will suggest that we prefer local trips rather flying. If I can do all of this, I can reduce my lifestyle of 5 planet Earths to just only 3. 8 planet Earths. I know that this is not enough but it can be a good start. Reference Global Footprint Network. (2009). Footprint Calculator. Retrieved February 26, 2009, from http://www. footprintnetwork. org/en/index. php/GFN/page/calculators/

Improving Self-Care for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay examp

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that is chronic and acute, most likely to affect women and those between 35-50 years of age. The process of RA begins as an inflammation episode in the synovium, causes it to thicken and become edematous. Synovial inflammation results in joints that are swollen, tender, and stiff. The patient with RA may manifest symptoms of pain, morning stiffness, fatigue, weight loss, anxiety, and depression. (Chen, & Wang, 2007) Self-care abilities are affected by the clinical manifestations related to the disease process of RA. Assessment The health history is beneficial to identify the risk factor for those with close relatives suffering with the disease. Physical examination is reliable when assessing the joints, range of motion, and circulation. A developed multi-dimensional health assessment questionnaire that is completed by the patient at each visit in their rheumatology clinic can be scored and provide the physician a current status of their physical and psychological areas that might raise concern for poor self-care. Assessing the patients ESR, CRP levels, and rheumatoid factor provides information of the patients’ baseline laboratory values with any deviations.(Palmer, El Gaafary, & El Mideany, 2007) The nurse should assess the patients’ psychosocial aspects including, social support; knowledge; education level; and socioeconomic status due to the positive correlation with self-care. (Chen, & Wang, 2007) Planning With RA being a chronic disease with acute exacerbations and remissions, it has social, emotional, physical, and psychosocial complications. Impaired physical mobility is a problem associated with RA, due to the symptoms of morning s... ...elf-care abilities with this disease. References Chen, s, & Wang, h. (2007). The relationship between physical function, knowledge of disease, social support and self-care behavior in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Nursing Research, 15(3),183-92. Makelainen , P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K, & Pietil, A. (2009). Change in knowledge and self-efficacy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a six-month follow-up study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 15(5), 368-75. Makelainen, P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K, & Pietil, A. (2007). Rheumatoid arthritis patients' education-contents and methods. Journal of Nursing & Healthcare of Chronic Illnesses, 16(11c), 258-67. Palmer, D, El Gaafary, M, & El Mideany, Y. (2007). Rheumatology. improving patient care: measurement of outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Nursing, 16(16), 1010-5.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm Plot Summary Chapter I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Jones, the owner of â€Å"Manor Farm†, was an irresponsible farmer. He was too drunk to take good care of his animals. The barn animals were fed up with the way Mr. Jones treated them; thus they would occasionally have secret meetings at night. Old Major, their leader, had organized a meeting that would be held in the big barn. That night, the pigs Snowball, Napoleon and Squealer, the hens, the ducks the two horses Boxer and Clover, Muriel the goat and Benjamin the donkey and the rest all came just to hear what the old pig had to say about the strange dream he had the previous night. He dreamt about an ideal world. He talked to them about life, about their situation in life and the problems in life. Their only problem was Man. Man used them for his own purposes: his own needs. That, to them, seemed wrong and they knew that they had to do something about it. Old Major mentioned a Rebellion and it was all the animals hoped for. But it was up to them to rebel. Then he thought them a song â€Å"Beasts of England† that they sang on and on to memorize. Analysis Chapter I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegory* it concerns the toppling of the Russian Imperial rule and its replacement by the communist regime. In this light, the characters introduced in Chapter I represent real, historical figures: Mr. Jones is the Czar, Old Major is Lenin and Marx at the same time and as for the rest of the animals, their role will become clear as the story progresses. The animals on Manor Farm (Imperial Russia) ended live in unacceptable conditions, as is evidenced.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the ironies in this chapter is that the animals are not aware of their lamentable living conditions. This is shown the night that Old Major organized the meeting in the big barn. The animals are surprised and shocked when they realize that they shouldn’t be treated like that. Plot Summary Chapter II   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A couple of days after the barn meeting, Old Major died. The animals of the farm where preparing for the revolution. Snowball and Napoleon assumed leadership and began giving them speeches about Animalism; everything Old Major had talked about. The animals only rebelled when Mr. Jones went away for a couple of days and his men forgot to feed them. The starving animals broke the store-shed’s door and ate from the bins.

Automated Inventory System and Pos Essay

A lot of companies and organizations needed the help of computers because of its speed, precision and productivity. Moreover, many businesses flourished because production was increased and human errors were lessened and management decisions were facilitated through accurate and reliable information generated by software applications. The business world has become dependent to the massive use of computers and electronics. Nowadays, almost every corporate and company, great or small, enhances their business success rates and profitability through the use of computers. In Inventory System with POS whether automated or manual, comprises of machines, people, and/or methods organized to process, disseminate and transmit data that represent user information. An Inventory System with POS is a system that supports a business in the monitoring of items and sales. Also, it is a computer processing in which the computer responds immediately to user requests. Thus, Malaya and Lumber Construction Supply, the subject of this study, is in need of an inventory and sales software to help them identify inventory requirements, set targets, and report actual and projected inventory status. The introduction of an automated system hopes to optimize the inventory levels and eliminate stock-outs. BRIEF HISTORY Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply has been a recognized name in the Makati Hardware industry for over 40 years. Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply carry a wide range of construction supply to suit every need. The Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply range includes industry renowned hardware equipment’s from leading manufacturers including YELE, CEMEX, ABOY, etc. Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply, supply a range of electrical, sand, cement, steel, plywood, sink, toilets, plumbing and tiles to suit every budget. 1.1 Statement of the Problem Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply are having difficulty in monitoring their inventory and sales. * How to design and develop a module to monitor the availability of their items. * How to generate reports as per client needs, for e.g. Sales Report, Inventory Sales Report. * How to track the return/exchange of the items. 1.2 Current State of the Technology Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply are currently using a labor-intensive process in inventory, calculating of sales and producing reports. Listed below are classifications of internal operations that enable the company to do business with the public. Purchase OrdersSales Inventory Re-OrderBack-OrderReports These classifications are done by hand and most of the information is stored on a ‘Logbook’ and with sales transaction is completed thru a pre-printed numbered blank receipt. The needed reports are mostly encoded by a managerial level employee thru Microsoft Excel. Problems like misplace files of records are minimized and will help them alleviate deluge track of work done by existing age-old use of the hand system and logbook based record keeping. The proposed Inventory System with Point of Sale will make daily operations effective and convenient to use as well. 1.3 Objective 1.3.1 General Objective The proponents aim to develop a computerized Inventory System with Point-of-Sale for the Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply that will aid their daily operations regarding their inventory and sales function. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives * To provide a monitoring module that will track the availability of items in the inventory. * To create a module that will generate reports for Inventory and Sales. * To develop a module that will track the record of the return and exchange of the items. 1.3.3 Scope and Limitations Scope This study is exclusively developed for Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply. This study is concerned to develop an Inventory System with Point of Sale for Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply which covers sale transactions and monitoring stocks. The system provides the following functionalities: 1. Display inventory conditions of the products, including stock, out-of-stock, back-ordered or pre-orderable. 2. Filter product listing to show only those products that are currently available in stock. 3. Decrement inventory levels when orders are processed. 4. Receive notifications when inventory levels reach an out-of-stock threshold. * The system has the capability to keep track customer and supplier information. * A delivery module that monitors products delivered by the supplier and products delivered to the costumers. * The system has the capability to create a back-up copy of database file. * The system has a security to keep all information secured for unauthorized users. * The system has a module that will prompt the user if a particular item has reach its critical level. * The system will be implemented in a LAN based network. * Report Module generates hard copy of record data in a daily, quarterly and annually basis. Limitation * The system will not support bar -coding for items. * The system is incapable of accepting credit cards as payment. * There is no record entry in computation of tax payment for submission in BIR. * The system does not support schedule of delivery for the clients. Chapter 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Introduction Every computer system should be supported by theories. Given that the proponents intend to develop a sales and inventory system, theories concerning inventory control and transaction processing system should be studied. Computer related topics, such as database, GUIs and others, is also studied. These theories will eventually lead to the overall structure and design of a system. The theories mentioned in this chapter will be the foundation of the propose system. 2.2 Inventory Control System Some of the best inventory management software is equipped with a low-level warning system that will alert you when your stock is getting low so you don’t run out of something that is selling well. You also have the ability to see in real time what stock you have on hand at another location and keep track of it. If you offer item kits it’s important to use a program that will allow you to keep an eye on your sales and inventory so that your kits are all accounted for. [TOPT2013] 2.3 Software Prototyping Prototyping is the process of building a model of a system. In terms of an information system, prototypes are employed to help system designers build an information system that intuitive and easy to manipulate for end users. Prototyping is an iterative process that is part of the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle. [UMSL2012] 2.3 Transaction Processing System A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data. Characteristics of a TPS include performance, reliability and consistency. [TECH2013] 2.4 Graphic User Interface A graphical user interface (GUI) is a human-computer interface (i.e., a way for humans to interact with computers) that uses windows, icons and menus and which can be manipulated by a mouse (and often to a limited extent by a keyboard as well). GUIs stand in sharp contrast to command line interfaces (CLIs), which use only text and are accessed solely by a keyboard. The most familiar example of a CLI too many people is MS-DOS. Another example is Linux when it is used in console mode (i.e., the entire screen shows text only). [LINF2004] 2.5 Database A database is a set of data that has a regular structure and that is organized in such a way that a computer can easily find the desired information. Data is a collection of distinct pieces of information, particularly information that has been formatted (i.e., organized) in some specific way for use in analysis or making decisions. A database can generally be looked at as being a collection of records, each of which contains one or more fields (i.e., pieces of data) about some entity (i.e., object), such as a person, organization, city, product, work of art, recipe, chemical, or sequence of DNA. For example, the fields for a database that is about people who work for a specific company might include the name, employee identification number, address, telephone number, date employment started, position and salary for each worker. [LINF2006] 2.6 Database Normalization Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database. This includes creating tables and establishing relationships between those tables according to rules designed both to protect the data and to make the database more flexible by eliminating redundancy and inconsistent dependency. [MICR2013] 2.7 Computer Network A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics. [TECH2013] 2.8 Back-up In the computer world, a backup is a copy of some data. This copy could be used to restore the original data when the original information is lost or damaged. You can make backups of your data manually, by copying your files to another place: a CD, another disc, another machine, to a tape device, etc. Ideally, the copy should be stored on another physical place and should not be stored on the same room where the original is. In case of disaster, like a fire, having both the original data and the backup on the same physical place could be fatal. I recommend you to make multiple copies of your valuable data: for example, you can have a copy stored on another hard drive and another copy on some remote FTP server, for maximum security. [COBI2009] 2.8 Summary Different theories the proponents have taken to consideration to develop our sales and inventory system. The proponents studied the inventory and transaction theory so that we can have of idea on how this concept works. The software prototyping will help the proponents and the customer to have overview of the outline of the system. The database normalization theory will play a huge role in an inventory system. The inventory system will handle numerous amounts of data so it will be hard to have the database normalized properly. Back-up theory will help to ensure the safety of the data. For internal cooperation on the company, the system will be implemented in a LAN environment. The graphical user interface theory will help in making the design more user-friendly. Chapter 4 Performance Analysis 4.1 Introduction This chapter gives the procedures on how the proponents used to analyze and test the performance of the system. The proponent’s objective was to provide a monitoring module and to create a module that generate reports and to develop a module that will tract the record. The group conducted proper testing procedures to prove that the system is capable of doing necessary requirements. The intended users of the system are the sales representative, purchaser, cashier and the administrator. The sales representative manages all the walk-in orders and delivery orders. The purchaser manages all the transaction in ordering products and monitoring of inventory. The cashier manages the payment of the customers. The administrator is the one who updates the file maintenance, process the access level, makes backup and restores the database of their system. 4.2 Experimental List of testing procedures below are the aspects used by the proponents to measure all functions accurately according to the specific objectives of the systems. 4.2.1 Unit Testing Refers to test that verify the functionality of specific section code, usually at the function level. The proponents conducted an intensive testing of all validation rules implemented. Using the system, proponents entered some values to all data entry forms to check all valid, invalid and limit of all input. In addition to that, the proponents checked what are the result, kind of value and attributes will return if it was called. Overall consistency of system’s application is also check on this experimentation. 4.2.2 Integration testing It is any type of software testing that seeks to verify the interfaces between components against a software design. Software components may be integrated in an iterative way or all together. In this part of experiment, the objective of proponents was to expose defects in the interface and interaction between integrated components. The proponents studied all the areas of inventory and sales to make sure if every module and its functions are integrated properly, specially the computation of commission and generations of all necessary reports. 4.2.3 System testing The proponents examined a complete integrated system to verify that it meets its requirements. The accuracy and consistency of the computerize system was very effective rather than the old business process hence the proponents realize the opposite of new process and old convention of their business. 4.2.3 Alpha testing Alpha testing is simulate or actual operational testing by the prospective user or an independent test team at the developers site. Alpha testing was conducted at the developers’ site by the sales rep. to make sure if there’s a problem when using the said system. Therefore, the sales rep. gave some suggestions and comments about the process of the system to enable the proponents to gain more information. 4.3 Results and Analysis The proponents had finished the experimental and proceeds to the analysis of all problems encountered. The following are the errors and the proponents’ actions during the experimental of the system. * Logic Errors The types of errors occur when incorrect judgment and reason used during system development. This usually occurred when loops were not properly terminated, incorrect assignments were done, and incorrect comparison made during filtering operations. * Syntax Errors Syntax errors occur when typographical errors and incorrect usage of object properties and other keywords were used. The group has ensured that all syntax errors have been eliminated. * An updateable Query This error occurred when fields in the tables of the system’s database were being update while the database was currently in a read only mode. * Expected Statement Error (End If without If) This error occurs when the End If of the If Statement is placed wrongly or the If Statement does not have a corresponding End If. * Integrity Constrains This error occurs when a record having child record are being deleted or a record that is being added contains a similar primary key code as an existing record in database. * 4.4 Summary The result of series of testing and analysis proved to be satisfactory for both the proponents and customers. The system was able to perform the processes that it is intended to do. The system was able to efficiently record and monitor sales and products of the company therefor making it for the administrator and the sales representative to monitor items and sales. It also made the sales rep. work easier because the system provided them with a file maintenance module that enables to add, edit, delete and back-up files. The system was also able automatically print all the important reports that customers needed. Shifting the process of Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply from unorganized to well organize system by automating it is a big help out to the company. Since the system has been tested thoroughly, it was able to perform well thus making a processes a lot easier for the Malaya personnel. Chapter 5 CONCLUSION The proponents have to complete all the requirements and specifications of the system which include a monitoring module, report generating and a module that will tract the record. The developers have successfully met the objectives of the study. Specifically, the system was able to secure all the records from unauthorized personnel to maintain data integrity to be generated using Log-in featured of the system. For payment and cashiering, with the use of the system, producing receipts were easier and faster without miscalculating of service rendered of every employee. With the used of Computerized Sales and Inventory for Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply, sales, delivery and inventory of products are efficiently monitored and recorded. Also, fast and accurate generation of reports is provided. Therefore, the proponents conclude that the produce outputs and operation of Computerized Sales and Inventory System for Malaya Lumber and Construction Supply are proven enhance and better than the company’s current labor intensive system. BIBLIOGRAPHY World Wide Web: [TOPT1013]toptenreviews (2013), ‘Inventory Control System’ http://inventory-software-review.toptenreviews.com/ [UMSL2012]umsl (2012), ‘Software Prototyping’ http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/prototyping/proto.html [TECH2013]techopedia (2013), ‘Transaction Processing System’ http://www.techopedia.com/definition/707/transaction-process-system-tps [LINF2004]linfo (2004), ‘Graphic User Interface’ http://www.linfo.org/gui.html [LINF2006]linfo (2006), ‘Database’ http://www.linfo.org/database.html [MICR2013]support.microsoft (2013), ‘Database Normalization’ http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283878 [TECH2013]techopedia (2013), ‘Computer Network’ http://www.techopedia.com/definition/25597/computer-network [COBI2009]cobiansoft (2009), ‘Back-up’ http://www.cobiansoft.com/backuptheory.htm ACKNOWLEDGEMENT APENDICES

Descriptive Essay Example

Descriptive Essay Example We all know college is hard; if it were easy, everyone would have a degree and no one would ever ask for help. But here at Crafton Hills College, tutors are available to help out students in any way, so that those who struggle can do well and be successful. These mentors don’t just lecture, they take the time to make sure students understand and comprehend what is being taught. Tutors are at hand for a variety of subjects, some have appointments for one on one time and others are for use at one’s convenience.The best part is, students don’t have to search for a tutor, or post flyers saying â€Å"HELP NEEDED. † CHC has a Tutoring Center, completely free, which is easy to find and a perfect environment to learn and study. Although Crafton is a large campus, finding classes and certain buildings isn’t so hard with a few directions. In order to find the Tutoring Center, it is necessary to know and understand the layout of the c ollege. The most prominent building on campus is the LRC, Learning Resource Center, where the Tutoring Center, Lecture Hall, Library, Teaching Center and other services are obtainable.The campus is shaped like a long chain, and the LRC is located behind the chain closest to Student Services offices. It is the newest edition on campus, and its appearance is very up to date and modern. The LRC has replaced the old library in an outstanding way. This center is 3 stories tall, with large glass paneled walls on all sides. Entranceways are at use on opposing sides of the building, depending which direction you are coming from. But the main entry is through the large glass double doors on the eastern side of the LRC.Once inside, one will be standing in a grand hallway, with cream marble floors and tall neutral colored walls. There are two doors on the left which lead to an auditorium, and two doors on the right which are bathrooms. Keep walking forward and in view will be a large opening o n the right hand side; this is the library. The library can be of great use to students, so let’s take a few moments to look over this area. Besides the Tutoring Center, the library is also very resourceful and entirely useful.It’s filled with computers, private rooms, a small auditorium, a copy room and thousands of books (which are found on the top floor of the LRC). Writing tutors will encourage students to visit the library, especially when it comes to research papers. Now, continuing on to the Tutoring Center, a few more steps and you have reached a set of stairs that lead downward. Down these twenty or so steps is the Tutoring Center. After reaching the bottom, there is a small doorway to the left and a sign that says â€Å"Welcome to the Tutoring Center! †, as a confirmation that one is indeed in the right place.The Tutoring Center is a large rectangle shaped room, with small separate glass enclosed rooms around the edges. The rooms on the left and right are offices of some professors an instructors, while the back wall has some small rooms for study groups and private tutoring lessons, with one very large room painted bright yellow. A front desk is located to the immediate right once entered. Here is where anyone can receive information about the Tutoring Center and view waiting lists for certain subject tutors; flyers and booklets are also free to take.The center of the room has two long tables with twenty computers on both sides for student use, and on each side of those tables are four small square tables with four chairs each for groups or alone work. These separate tables also have power outlets so students can bring laptops or tablets. A student doesn’t have to make an appointment to see a tutor, they can put their name on the waiting list, or just ask a tutor who is not busy at that moment. Help is always available here. Learning specialists are available for english, math, writing and other specific classes; some tut ors are multi subject oriented.Student workshops are also optional for use. This includes MLA/APA format information, note-taking tips, conducting research, study skills, and test-taking strategies. DLA, directed learning activities, can be done as well. These help in strengthening particular english skills and some teachers even accept them as extra credit. Helpful coordinators can be found in the TC who plan summer programs, such as the bridge program, which helps students who are enrolled in pre-req english and math classes; and this helps the tutoring center by bringing in more students.The library is not the only section of the LRC that holds books, the TC has a textbook for every english, math and science class as a reference for CHC students. On busy days, one can find the TC completely filled with students, and still there is available help. Groups of students help others and the tutors are still around for support and confirmation of ideas. People who aren’t proficie nt in a general field learn through others and eventually can help others with the same problems that they once had. Many students have found the Tutoring Center to be of great use, for many reasons besides tutoring.It’s located right on campus, and is open for most of the school day, which means anyone can stop by before class, after class and in between classes. Despite it’s name, students don’t have to go to the Tutoring Center for tutor help. It’s a great place to study, work on homework, and a few tutors are available for immediate help if there is no time to wait. The center is a student-oriented environment with people dedicated to helping any student with a problems or questions. If some spare time is in hand, stop by the Tutoring Center, so it’s features and helpfulness will be fresh in mind.